1. Lus qhuab qhia
Pharmaceutical huv chav, tseem hu ua cov nroj tsuag huv si, yog qhov chaw rau tib neeg kev ua ub no uas huab cua huv huv mus txog qib uas tau teev tseg. Lub luag haujlwm yog los tswj cov pa phem ntawm cov khoom muaj sia (piv txwv li, unicellular algae, fungus, protozoon, kab mob, kab mob, thiab lwm yam) thiab cov khoom (particles). Kev tsim hauv pem teb tau yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua hauv kev lag luam tshuaj txij li kev siv GMP hauv kev lag luam tshuaj. GMP xav kom cov chav huv huv hauv pem teb yuav tsum yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv tawv, kev ncaj ncees, du thiab tiaj tus, tsis yog - tawg, hnav- tiv taus thiab cuam tshuam, tsis yooj yim rau cov hluav taws xob zoo li qub, yooj yim los ntxuav. thiab tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab corrosion-cov ntaub ntawv tiv taus. Kev tawg thiab noo noo ntawm cov av yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau thaum siv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam loj. Tam sim no, cov khoom siv hauv pem teb tau siv dav hauv Suav kev lag luam tshuaj feem ntau suav nrog hauv av inelastic, coated av thiab elastic av, thiab lwm yam. Cov hauv qab no feem ntau qhia txog qee cov khoom siv hauv pem teb thiab cov ntsiab lus tswj hauv kev tsim kho.
2. Terrazzo pem teb
Terrazzo pem teb yog ib hom inelastic pem teb, uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ncaj ncees, zoo mechanical zog, hnav tsis kam, hnyav siab ua hauj, anti- zoo li qub thiab yooj yim los ntxuav. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias peb saib terrazzo nto microscopically (raws li qhia hauv daim duab 1), txawm tias qhov chaw polished, microbes thiab plua plav tuaj yeem nkaum hauv qhov sib txawv, yog li hauv pem teb yuav tsum tau waxed tom qab polishing. Terrazzo feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv lub rhiav uas huv theem yog tsawg (ib puas txhiab chav kawm huv cheeb tsam), xws li cov khoom npaj rhiav, raw khoom (refining, ci, ntim) rhiav.
Due to the elasticity lack of terrazzo floor, when the concrete base layer cracks, it will spread to the surface, so the management should be strengthened during construction. Terrazzo's main structure is shown the figure 2. Construction process of terrazzo mainly includes basic treatment→leveling layer construction→fixing dividing strip→plastering terrazzo surface→polishing→waxing.
Kev tsis xws luag thiab kev tsim kho cov ntsiab lus ntawm terrazzo hauv kev tsim kho
2.1 Hauv av hollowing
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog tias terrazzo muaj ntau txheej hauv av, ntau lub sijhawm, cov khoom sib txawv, thiab kev tuav tsis raug, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev sib txuas thiab ua rau hollowing, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov loj - cheeb tsam hollow nrog cov kab nrib pleb yuav cuam tshuam rau cov lub neej ntawm terrazzo. Hollow feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv: qhov tsis txaus ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm txheej txheej thiab lub hauv paus txheej ua rau hollow. Kev sib txuas tsis txaus ntawm cov txheej txheej saum npoo thiab txheej txheej ua rau hollow.
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog cov txheej txheem yooj yim tsis tau ntxuav kom txaus, xws li cov hmoov tshauv, residue thiab lwm yam ntxiv, uas txhua tus tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev sib txuas ntawm ob txheej. Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias kev ntxuav ntawm cov txheej txheem yooj yim yuav tsum tau ceev faj, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev sib txuas.
2.2 Kev faib cov sawb tawg
Kev faib sawb yuav tsum siv tooj liab thiab iav sawb. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub siab hnyav los yog nthuav thiab contraction, iav strip yuav tawg tib lub sij hawm thiab ua rau microbes loj hlob nyob rau hauv. Yog li kev faib cov strips hauv chav huv si feem ntau siv tooj liab. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev faib cov sawb tawg yog qhov siab ntawm qhov sib faib sawb nws tus kheej tsis sib xws thiab cov txheej txheej saum npoo tsis sib npaug. Yog li ntawd qhov kev nce siab yuav tsum tau kho thaum txhim kho kev faib sawb, thiab qhov yuam kev yuav tsum raug kho raws sijhawm.
2.3 Nto hmoov tom qab waxing
Lub hom phiaj ntawm waxing yog ua kom lub terrazzo hauv pem teb ci dua, smoother thiab zoo nkauj dua, thiab yooj yim los tswj thiab huv si vim muaj cov wax nyias nyias ntawm tib lub sijhawm. Thaum waxing, qhov kev kho tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw yuav ua rau cov hmoov av, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev huv ntawm lub rhiav. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua cov hmoov nplej yog tias txheej txheej saum npoo tsis qhuav tag thiab cov hmoov zeb zoo ntawm qhov chaw tsis huv. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov seem seem ntawm cov cement mortar thiab cov hmoov zeb zoo, ua ntej waxing, peb tuaj yeem sib npaug 10 feem pua oxalic acid tov rau ntawm qhov chaw, maj mam rub nws nrog oilstone, thiab tom qab ntawd yaug nws nrog dej, tom qab cov av qhuav. , waxing tuaj yeem ua tau.
3. Epoxy tus kheej -leveling pem teb
Epoxy tus kheej-txheej txheej txheej siv epoxy resin li txheej zaj duab xis- cov khoom tsim, thiab los ntawm kev ntxiv cov tshuaj tua kab mob, tsis yog -volatile reactive diluent, additives, pigments thiab fillers los ua cov kuab tshuaj{{ 3}}dawb siab - txheej txheej.
Zaj duab xis- txheej txheem txheej txheem ntawm epoxy tus kheej- theem txheej yog ib hom tshuaj yeeb yaj kiab- txoj kev tsim. Ua ntej txheej txheej soluble uas tsis muaj molecular hnyav epoxy resin rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub substrate, ces intermolecular cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua rau ntxiv molecular hnyav los yog cross-txuas mus rau ib tug tawv xim zaj duab xis. Epoxy tus kheej-leveling tsis tsuas yog muaj qhov zoo ntawm terrazzo pem teb, tab sis kuj muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntau dua, hnav tsis kam, thiab yooj yim ntxuav, uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom huv dua, yog li nws feem ntau siv rau hauv chav kawm 10000 thiab chav kawm 100 chav huv. Epoxy tus kheej-leveling tau txais los ntawm ntau lub chaw lag luam kws tshuaj hauv tsev thiab tam sim no thiab ib txwm siv hauv chav dej txhaj tshuaj, khov-qhib hmoov txhaj tshuaj rhiav thiab kev cob qhia khoom lom neeg.
The construction of epoxy self-leveling coating is relatively mature, it mainly includes basic layer inspection and treatment→brush primer→putty repair→scrape the surface layer→waxing maintenance→construction and acceptance. (figure 3)
Kev tsim kho taw tes thiab thev naus laus zis tswj ntawm epoxy tus kheej -leveling
3.1 Basic txheej tuav
Lub hauv paus ntawm epoxy self-leveling pem teb yog cement av. Thawj cov cement hauv av yog tag nrho ntawm qhov, thiab cov qhov no muaj cov dej thiab alkaline, yog li peb xav tau kev kho rau hauv av ua ntej kev tsim kho, txwv tsis pub epoxy self-leveling pem teb yuav ua rau blistering, whitening, cracking, thiab txawm tev. . Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem yooj yim thiab kev ntsuas tom qab polishing yuav tsum ua tau raws li qhov ntsuas hauv qab no:
Xyuas cov khoom | Cov dej noo | Kev siv zog | Flatness | PH | Qhov xwm txheej saum npoo |
Txais tau qhov ntsuas | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 9 feem pua | >21. 0MPa | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 3mm / m | <> | Tsis muaj xuab zeb, tsis muaj kab nrib pleb, tsis muaj roj, tsis muaj pits |
Cov dej noo ntawm cov txheej txheem yooj yim muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau txheej txheej. Yog tias cov dej noo ntau dhau, cov npuas yuav tshwm sim (Daim duab 4). Yog li, nws raug pom zoo kom ntxiv cov dej noo- pov thawj txheej hauv qab hauv pem teb thaum lub hauv paus tsim.
Cement ground will shrink to a certain amount during the coagulation process, so it is inevitable that a considerable number of cracks will occur. For the cracks which is not occurred from hollow problem, simply cut a V-shaped groove in the direction of the cracks and fill it with epoxy grout, paste a layer of glass fiber cloth on the surface, and finally fill it with epoxy grout. That's can meet the construction requirements. If the cement ground occurs serious ground hollowing problem, straightly cutting the ground and filling the hollow with cement, solving hollow fundamentally.
3.2 Kev tsim kho ib puag ncig
Kev tsim kho ib puag ncig muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau qhov zoo ntawm epoxy tus kheej -leveling, kev tsim kho qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum siab tshaj 10 degree, amine curing agents feem ntau yog siv rau hauv pem teb txheej, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm epoxy pawg thiab amine pawg yog qeeb heev. qis dua 10 degree, yeej tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim hauv qab 5 degree. Thiab qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov primer yuav tsum yog ntau tshaj 3 degree siab dua li cov dej lwg ib puag ncig. Yog tias qhov xwm txheej no tsis tau ntsib, ntawm ib sab, qhov saum npoo ntawm substrate yog ib qho yooj yim rau condense, uas ua rau tsis zoo adhesion ntawm lub nraub qaum txheej. Ntawm qhov tod tes, tom qab tha xim, muaj cov zaj duab xis dej ntawm cov condensation ntawm qhov chaw ua ntej cov xim zaj duab xis yog qhuav, ua rau deformation. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev ua tiav, nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem no, dej vapor yooj yim reacts nrog amine curing tus neeg saib xyuas hauv cov xim, ua rau qee qhov tsis xws luag xws li tsis tshua muaj gloss ntawm txheej zaj duab xis nto, pos huab, dawb, nplaum, oily, tsawg hardness, uas zoo heev txo cov nyhuv ntawm nto kho kom zoo nkauj thiab ua rau rework nyob rau hauv mob hnyav.
3.3 Tiav lub tsho yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog xav txog cov cuab yeej leveling tab sis kuj xyuas kom meej qhov sib xws ntawm cov muab tub lim thaum tsim kho. Raws li txoj cai, qhov qis dua qhov viscosity los yog thicker lub txheej ntawm cov txheej tiav, qhov zoo dua cov cuab yeej leveling. Peb tuaj yeem siv tus nqi tsim nyog ntawm cov kuab tshuaj los txhim kho cov qib ntawm lub tsho tiv no, tab sis thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho, qhov muab tub lim ntawm lub tsho tiav maj mam txo qis, uas ua rau cov tawv tawv tsis zoo thiab hnav tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xaiv tus neeg sawv cev kho kom haum. Ordinary curing agents tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom. Feem ntau, lawv tau sib xyaw nrog cov tshuaj kho kho, thiab tsis muaj amine dawb yog precipitated thaum lub sijhawm kho. Tam sim no, dav siv tshuaj tua kab mob hauv epoxy resin pem teb yog polyamide curing agent thiab hloov kho aliphatic amine curing agent.
3.4 Siv sijhawm tom qab kev tsim kho
Vim muaj lub caij sib txawv, lub sijhawm siv ib txwm siv tom qab kev tsim kho txawv. Lub caij ntuj no: walkable rau 3 hnub, lub teeb load rau 6 hnub, ib txwm siv rau 10 hnub; Caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab caij nplooj zeeg: taug kev rau 1 hnub, lub teeb load rau 4 hnub, ib txwm siv rau 7 hnub; Lub caij ntuj sov: taug kev rau 18 teev, lub teeb load rau 2 hnub, ib txwm siv rau 5 hnub.
4. Yas pem teb
Comparing with other flooring, the characteristics of plastic floor are good fire resistance, good sound absorption, impact resistance, slightly elastic, reduce fatigue on long-time stand operation work, but the cost is more expensive, pharmaceutical industries can choose appropriately according to their own process requirements. Generally used plastic floor materials are vinyl plastic board, PVC soft board, PVC semi-rigid board and polyurethane floor coating. Main process of elastic ground construction includes basic treatment → snapping the line → trial paving → brushing the base glue → paving the plastic floor → paving the plastic skirting board → polishing and waxing.
Cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho ntawm cov yas pem teb yog qhov yooj yim. Qhov tsis xws luag thiab cov laj thawj uas yooj yim tsim thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho yog raws li hauv qab no:
Kev soj ntsuam ntawm qhov tsis xws luag thiab ua rau hauv pem teb yas hauv kev tsim kho
Tsis zoo | Ua rau |
Hauv av hollow | ① The surface is not flat, the base layer is not dry enough or the cleaning is not clean enough. |
Xuab zeb protrusion | Cov txheej txheem yooj yim huv tsis tu |
Tsis ruaj khov | ① The moisture content of the foundation is greater than 6 percent , and the air humidity of the construction site is greater than 75 percent , which reduces the viscosity of the glue |
Fissure ntawm kev txav chaw | ① Different plate sizes |
Tsis muaj av huv si | ① When laying the plastic board, the glue is too thick, and the glue overflow after the paving is not cleaned up, resulting in more glue marks |
5. Lub caij ntuj sov
Thaum siv hauv av, nws yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm chav huv, tab sis kuj yuav tsum tau ua kom ntev. Qhov no yog ncaj qha ntsig txog tus qauv xaiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv pem teb thiab kev saib xyuas zoo hauv kev tsim kho. Tam sim no, tsis muaj cov khoom siv hauv av zoo meej hauv Suav teb tuaj yeem ua tau raws li txhua qhov kev xav tau. Cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas hauv GMP cov cai, cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, siv lub neej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, seb qhov kev tsim kho yog yooj yim los yog tsis, nqe, qhov chaw, kev tsim kho qib, thiab lwm yam. Ua kom muaj kev xaiv tsim nyog, kev tsim kho thiab siv raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev ua tau zoo.